In which type of assessment do students measure their own progress against…

Concept

Assessment categories can be distinguished by the reference point used to interpret performance. The reference may be a fixed standard, other learners, or the same learner at an earlier time.

An ipsative judgement is self-referenced: it evaluates present performance in relation to that learner’s own previous performance and therefore shows individual change over time.

Application

The stem excludes both external criteria and comparison with peers. It makes the learner’s previous performance the reference point, which is the defining basis of ipsative assessment. This classification concerns the comparison basis, not whether the assessment occurs during or after learning.

Cross-check and contrast

• Peer assessment involves learners judging or giving feedback on the work of other learners.

• Formative assessment gathers evidence during learning so that teaching, feedback, and next steps can be adjusted.

• Summative assessment summarizes achievement after a defined unit, course, or period, often for grading or certification.

Therefore, the best-supported answer is Ipsative Assessment.