Analysis of large database to retrieve information is called

Database workloads are broadly divided into two families. Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems are built for a high volume of short, frequent write operations, such as recording individual transactions in real time. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems are built the other way: for read-heavy queries that aggregate and summarize large volumes of historical data, typically organized in a data warehouse, to support reporting and decision-making.

The question asks what analysing a large database to retrieve information is called. That is precisely the OLAP role: consolidating and querying large stored data sets to extract summarized information for analysis and decision support.

• OLTP handles the day-to-day recording of individual transactions (inserts, updates, deletes) rather than large-scale historical analysis, so it does not match the question's description.

• OLDP is not an established abbreviation in database-systems or data-warehousing literature; no defined processing category corresponds to it.

• OLPP is likewise not an established or standard abbreviation in database-systems terminology.

Since only OLAP is defined around analysing large volumes of data to retrieve summarized information, OLAP is the answer.