Data Integrity control uses _______

Answer: Upper and lower limits on numeric data.

Why: Data integrity controls validate the accuracy and consistency of data values. Range checks (upper and lower limits) are a direct example because they prevent values outside acceptable bounds from being stored.

• Range checks: ensure numeric values fall within permitted limits.

• Format and type checks: enforce correct data types and formats (for example, dates or numeric types).

• Check digits and validation rules: detect input and transcription errors.

• Note: Passwords and access controls protect access and confidentiality but do not validate data correctness; audit logs track access history.