Match List-I and List-II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct matching: A → to use templates; B → to use class hierarchy; C → improved run-time efficiency; D → to use explicit casting.

• A (If implementations differ only through a parameter): Use templates because they parameterize code at compile time and avoid creating separate class hierarchies for each parameter variant.

• B (If actual object types cannot be known at compile time): Use a class hierarchy with polymorphism (inheritance and virtual functions) to select behavior at run time.

• C (If inline operations are essential and templates are used): This yields improved run-time efficiency because templates enable compile-time expansion and inlining, removing virtual-call overhead.

• D (To gain access to differing derived instances through a base): Use explicit casting (for example dynamic_cast or static_cast as appropriate) to access derived-specific members when you have a base-class reference or pointer.

Therefore the correct answer is the matching that pairs A with templates, B with class hierarchy, C with improved run-time efficiency, and D with explicit casting.