Which of the following are types of error in survey research? (A) Sample error…

Concept

Survey error is the difference between a survey result and the population value it is intended to estimate.

A standard classification separates sampling error from non-sampling errors that arise during data collection and data processing.

Application

• (A) Sample error arises because a sample rather than the entire population is observed.

• (B) Source error is not used here as a standard survey-error type.

• (C) Observational error is not the named category used in this classification; measurement problems are treated within data-collection error.

• (D) Data collection error arises while obtaining or recording responses.

• (E) Data processing error arises during coding, editing, data entry, tabulation, or analysis.

Contrast

• A, B, C only includes two labels that are not the intended standard categories.

• B, C, D only omits sampling and processing errors.

• B, D, E only replaces sampling error with the nonstandard source-error label.

• A, D, E only contains sampling error and the collection- and processing-stage non-sampling errors.

Cross-check

The total-survey-error framework requires one sampling component and recognizes fieldwork and post-fieldwork non-sampling components.

Result

Therefore, the supported set is A, D and E only.