Which concept emerged from the view that mass media have little power to…

Concept

Media-effects theories explain how communication from mass media changes knowledge, attitudes, or behaviour. An effects model specifies whether that influence is direct and uniform or limited by social and psychological factors.

The limited-effects perspective holds that media influence is constrained and often mediated by prior beliefs, selective exposure, interpersonal discussion, and opinion leaders.

Application

The stem says that mass media have little power to influence audiences directly. That premise is the defining claim of the limited-effects perspective, so the concept described is limited effects.

Contrast

• Mass effects emphasizes broad influence across a large audience rather than weak or mediated influence.

• Individual effects refers generally to changes at the level of a person; it does not name this established media-effects perspective.

• Regulated effects suggests outcomes shaped by formal rules or institutional control, which is a different axis from the strength of media influence.

Therefore, the concept is limited effects.