Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other…
2023
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Deductive arguments are either invalid or valid.
Reason R: A valid deductive argument that also has all true premises is called a ‘sound’ argument.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: B. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A — CONCEPTIn deductive logic, validity concerns the relation between premises and conclusion: an argument is valid when true premises cannot yield a false…
- A.
Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
- B.
Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
- C.
A is correct but R is not correct
- D.
A is not correct but R is correct
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B
CONCEPT
In deductive logic, validity concerns the relation between premises and conclusion: an argument is valid when true premises cannot yield a false conclusion; otherwise it is invalid.
Soundness adds a separate requirement. A sound argument is valid and also has all true premises.
APPLICATION
Assertion A uses the exhaustive validity classification: every deductive argument either meets the validity condition or does not.
Reason R gives the standard definition of a sound deductive argument, so R is also true.
However, R does not explain why every deductive argument is valid or invalid. It begins with an argument already known to be valid and adds the truth of its premises.
CONTRAST
“Both true, R explains A” confuses a definition of soundness with an explanation of the valid/invalid classification.
“A true, R false” rejects the standard definition of soundness.
“A false, R true” rejects the exhaustive use of validity and invalidity.
RESULT
Therefore, both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.