Match Lists I and II and select the correct answer from the codes given below…
2012
Match Lists I and II and select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List – I | List – II |
|---|---|
(i) Ozone hole | (a) Tsunami |
(ii) Greenhouse effect | (b) UV radiations |
(iii) Natural hazards | (c) Methane |
(iv) Sustainable development | (d) Eco-centrism |
Codes :
Answer: A. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (c) (a) (d) — Concept: A match-the-list item of this kind is settled by attaching every entry of List – I to the agent, gas, event class or ethical stance that defines it,…
- A.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(d)
- B.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(d)
- C.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(d)
(c)
(a)
(b)
- D.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(d)
(b)
(c)
(a)
Attempted by 1 students.
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A
Concept: A match-the-list item of this kind is settled by attaching every entry of List – I to the agent, gas, event class or ethical stance that defines it, in a strict one-to-one assignment. Stratospheric ozone is defined by its function as the filter of short-wave ultraviolet radiation; the greenhouse effect is defined by the radiatively active trace gases that absorb outgoing terrestrial infrared; a natural hazard is a naturally generated geophysical or hydro-meteorological event capable of causing damage; and sustainable development rests on an environmental ethic that grants nature value in its own right rather than only as a resource for human use.
Application to this item
Ozone hole. The stratospheric ozone layer absorbs UV-B and UV-C before they reach the ground. Where that layer thins seasonally over the poles, the ultraviolet flux at the surface rises; the defining consequence of the ozone hole is therefore ultraviolet radiation.
Greenhouse effect. It arises from trace gases that are largely transparent to incoming solar short-wave radiation but absorb the outgoing infrared re-radiated by the Earth. Methane, CH4, is one such gas — molecule for molecule far more absorptive than carbon dioxide — so the greenhouse effect is defined by methane among the items listed.
Natural hazards. A tsunami is a train of long sea waves generated by a submarine earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. It is a naturally occurring damaging event, i.e. an instance of the natural-hazard class.
Sustainable development. Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own presupposes that ecosystems carry value independently of immediate human use. That stance is eco-centrism, the ethical foundation the concept rests on.
Cross-check
List – I | List – II | Why |
|---|---|---|
(i) Ozone hole | (b) UV radiations | Thinner ozone layer means more ultraviolet reaches the surface |
(ii) Greenhouse effect | (c) Methane | Methane is a radiatively active trace gas that traps outgoing infrared |
(iii) Natural hazards | (a) Tsunami | A naturally generated damaging event |
(iv) Sustainable development | (d) Eco-centrism | The ethic that assigns value to nature in its own right |
Every entry of List – II is used exactly once, and no rival assignment survives: methane does not create the ozone hole, ultraviolet radiation does not drive the greenhouse effect, and eco-centrism is an ethical position rather than a physical phenomenon. Hence the code (i)-b, (ii)-c, (iii)-a, (iv)-d.