Course module

Paper 2 | Unit 3 | Programming Languages and Computer Graphics — NTA-UGC-NET Paper - 2

Lessons: 400
Duration: 39 hr 14 min
PYQs: 261
Practice: 1232

9% of this course's PYQ weight is covered in this module.

Syllabus index

Lessons in this module

400 linked lessons

Language Design

Introduction to Programming Languages — Definition and Purpose

Types of Programming Languages — Classification and Overview

Elementary Data Types — Constants, Variables, and Expressions

Programming Paradigms — Concepts and Classifications

Imperative Programming — Structure and Flow Control

Declarative Programming — Logic-Based Programming Concepts

Functional Programming — Functions, Recursion, and Immutability

Object-Oriented Programming — Classes, Objects, and Inheritance

Reflective Programming — Self-Modification and Meta-Programming

Scripting Programming — Automation and Dynamic Typing

Aspect-Oriented Programming — Modularity and Cross-Cutting Concerns

Programming Environment — Tools, Compilers, and Interpreters

Concept of Binding — Static vs Dynamic Binding

Programming Language Syntax — Grammar, Tokens, and Semantics

Stages of Translation — Lexical, Syntax, and Semantic Analysis

Formal Transition Models — Automata and Computational Frameworks

C Fundamentals

Intro & Data Types

Operators & Expressions

Understanding Operators

Data Type Fundamentals

Integral Datatypes

Intro of Flowcharts

Control Flow

If-Else Statements – Basic, Advanced & Nested If–Else Structures

Loops & Iteration

Switch & Jump Stmts

Functions

Function Basics – Definition, Declaration, and Calling Mechanisms

Basic Recursion

Arrays & Pointers

Array Basics

Pointer Basics – Declaration, Initialization, and Dereferencing

Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers

Character Pointer (String)

Call By Value/Address/Reference

Storage Classes, Structures & Enums

Storage classes

Structures - Declaration, Initialization & Union Comparison

Enums

DMA, Macros, Scoping & File Handling

Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)

Classes and Objects – The Blueprint and the Instance

Data Abstraction – Hiding Implementation Details

Encapsulation – Wrapping Data and Methods in a Single Unit

Inheritance – Code Reusability and Hierarchical Relationships

Abstract Class – Incomplete Classes for Interface Definition

Polymorphism – One Interface with Multiple Implementations

Dynamic Binding – Runtime Resolution of Method Calls

Programming in C++

Tokens in C++ – Building Blocks of a Program

Data Types in C++ – Fundamental and Derived Types

Arrays in C++ – Sequential Data Organization

Classes and Objects – Structure, Members, and Behaviors

Functions in C++ – Declaration, Definition, and Types of Functions

Function & Operator Overloading – Compile-Time Polymorphism

Constructors – Object Initialization Techniques

Friend Functions – Controlled Access to Class Members

Virtual Functions – Enabling Runtime Polymorphism

Function Templates – Generic Programming in C++

Templates in C++ – Reusable Parameterized Code

HTML Basics

Introduction

Tag Basics

HTML Text Formatting Tags

HTML Attributes

JavaScript-Basics

Variables and Data Types – Storing and Handling Data

Inline and External JavaScript – Linking Behavior to Web Pages

Operators, Control Flow, and Functions – Logic and Execution

Objects and Arrays – Composite Data Structures

DOM Manipulation – Interacting with Web Page Elements

Java

Introduction to Java – Features and Basics of the Language

What is JDK – Development Kit Components and Usage

JRE – Java Runtime Environment and Execution Model

JVM – Java Virtual Machine Architecture and Lifecycle

Variables, Data Types, and Loops – Fundamental Building Blocks

Operators, Type Conversion

Arrays in Java – Sequential Data Structures

Methods in Java – Defining and Invoking Behaviors

Exception Handling

Final Keyword in Java – Constants, Non-Inheritance, and Restrictions

Java Applet Life Cycle – Initialization, Execution, and Termination

Java Servlets – Server-Side Request Handling

Servlet Cookies and CGI – Managing State and Interfacing

JINDI – Java Naming and Directory Interface (Overview)

Basics of Computer Graphics

Introduction to Computer Graphics – Applications and Core Components

Overview of Display Technologies

Raster vs Random Scan

Emissive vs Non-Emissive Displays – Light Generating vs Light Modulating Screens

Bitmap and Pixmap – Pixel Depth and Memory Representation

Output Primitives – Mathematical Representation of Points and Lines

Line Drawing Algorithms – Digital Approximation of Linear Paths

Circle Drawing Algorithms

Fill Algorithms

Inside-Outside Test – Even-Odd Rule and Winding Numbers

Coherence Properties – Exploiting Spatial and Temporal Similarity

2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing

2- D Transformations and Algorithms

Transformations

Pivot Point Algorithms

Concatenation Properties – Order of Operations and Matrix Associativity

Introduction to Viewing

Clipping Algorithms

3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing

Spline Representation

Illumination Models and its types

Color Models – RGB, CMY, HSV, and HLS Chromatic Systems

Polygon Rendering Methods – Flat, Gouraud, and Phong Shading Techniques

Visible Surface Detection – Identifying Hidden Lines and Surfaces

Classification of VSD – Image-Space vs. Object-Space Algorithms

Back-Face Detection – Culling Surfaces Facing Away from Viewer

Depth-Buffer (Z-Buffer) Method – Pixel-Level Visibility using Depth Comparison

Painter's Algorithm – Depth Sorting and Back-to-Front Rendering

OOPS with C++

Introduction

Basics of C++

Classes & Objects

Reference Variables & Member Functions (Inline/Static)

Friend Function

Constructor and Destructor

Function & Operator Overloading

Inheritance Basics

Types of Inheritance

Object Slicing & Initializer List

Polymorphism

Pure Virtual Function

Const, Virtual Keyword & Nested Class

Module lessons

Lessons

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