Which of the following statements are true with reference to Nyaya view of…
2022
Which of the following statements are true with reference to Nyaya view of logic? (A) It does not separate deduction from induction (B) It rejects verbalist view of logic and does not study the forms of thought alone (C) The formal and material logic are blended in Indian Logic (D) Verbal form is an integral part of the Inference. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer: C. (A), (B), (C) only — ConceptNyāya treats inference as a means of valid knowledge, not merely as a pattern of words. Its account joins the establishment of a universal relation…
- A.
(A), (B) and (D) only
- B.
(A), (C), (D) only
- C.
(A), (B), (C) only
- D.
(A), (B), (C), (D) only
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C
Concept
Nyāya treats inference as a means of valid knowledge, not merely as a pattern of words. Its account joins the establishment of a universal relation through observed agreement and difference with the application of that relation to a particular case.
Therefore induction and deduction are interconnected, and formal structure is assessed together with material truth. Verbal presentation is required for inference-for-others (parārthānumāna), but inference-for-oneself (svārthānumāna) need not be verbally expressed.
Application
Statement (A) is true because Nyāya does not isolate induction from deduction; both operate within one inferential process.
Statement (B) is true because Nyāya logic is not restricted to verbalism or to abstract forms of thought alone; it is directed toward valid knowledge of objects.
Statement (C) is true because the formal pattern and the material basis of inference are considered together.
Statement (D) is false because verbal form is not intrinsic to every inference. It is needed to communicate the five-member argument to another person, not for inference-for-oneself.
Contrast
(A), (B) and (D) only includes the unsupported claim (D) and leaves out the supported claim (C).
(A), (C) and (D) only includes the unsupported claim (D) and leaves out the supported claim (B).
(A), (B), (C), (D) only includes the unsupported claim (D).
Cross-check and result
The distinction between svārthānumāna and parārthānumāna independently checks the key point: language belongs to communicating an inference to others, not to inference as such. Hence (A), (B) and (C) only is the required set.