India has the integrated judiciary because
2023
India has the integrated judiciary because
Answer: D. More than one of the above — ConceptAn integrated judiciary is one constitutional judicial system rather than separate federal and state court systems. Its defining feature is a…
- A.
there is one system of law and justice in India, with the Supreme Court at the apex and the High Courts below it
- B.
the judges of the High Courts are appointed by the President
- C.
the High Courts are constituted as the sub-part of the Central Government
- D.
More than one of the above
- E.
None of the above
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Correct answer: D
Concept
An integrated judiciary is one constitutional judicial system rather than separate federal and state court systems. Its defining feature is a continuous hierarchy; an examination key may also count common constitutional links as supporting features.
Application
India has the Supreme Court at the apex, High Courts below it, and subordinate courts under High Court supervision. Article 217 also provides for appointment of High Court judges by the President after constitutionally required consultation. The official BPSC Set A key for question 108 accepts “More than one of the above”, so this PYQ counts both the hierarchy and the presidential-appointment link, although hierarchy remains the core definition.
Contrast
The hierarchy statement describes the structural integration of courts.
The presidential-appointment statement supplies the additional constitutional link counted by the official key.
High Courts are constitutional courts for states, not sub-parts of the Central Government.
Because the official framing counts multiple institutional links, the total-exclusion claim does not apply.
Result
Therefore, the official BPSC answer is “More than one of the above”.