In the context of curriculum, which of the following are correct? (A)…

Concept

A sound curriculum is a planned and revisable framework of knowledge, skills, values, and learning experiences. It should remain aligned with constitutional aims and respond to changing social and occupational needs.

Curriculum design is therefore dynamic, value-oriented, socially relevant, and learner-centred rather than confined to theory or controlled only by the teacher.

Application

• Regular modification reflects periodic revision, which keeps content and learning experiences current.

• The theory-only claim narrows curriculum to concepts, although a balanced curriculum also develops skills, values, application, and experience.

• Derivation from constitutional imperatives grounds curriculum aims in the country’s constitutional values and duties.

• Alignment with industry and society connects curriculum design to evolving social and occupational needs.

• Teacher-centric design places the teacher at the centre, whereas contemporary curriculum design gives central importance to learners, their development, and their context.

Contrast and cross-check

• The set containing regular revision, industry-and-society needs, and teacher-centred design retains teacher centrality and lacks constitutional grounding.

• The set containing constitutional grounding and industry-and-society needs does not include periodic revision.

• The set containing regular revision, constitutional grounding, and industry-and-society needs contains the three defensible curriculum principles.

• The set containing regular revision, theory-only content, constitutional grounding, and industry-and-society needs retains the theory-only restriction.

Thus, the correct set is regular revision, constitutional imperatives, and the needs of industry and society.