Computer Organization & Architecture
50 articles in this topic
Data Manipulation Micro-Operations in COA: Arithmetic, Logic and Shift Operations Worked Step by Step
Learn a fixed-width method for tracing arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations. Every example tracks register values, result bits, carry, and overflow.
Updated 19 Oct 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Assembly Language and Assembler Design: Two-Pass Translation with a Complete Worked Example
Follow a 16-bit Basic Computer program through pass one, pass two, hexadecimal encoding and execution, with every symbol, address and result shown.
Updated 15 Oct 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Computer Classification and Flynn’s Taxonomy: The Four Classes with a Worked Vector Example
A machine can belong to several computer classes at once. Learn the four classification axes, Flynn’s matrix, vector and multicore traces, and exam traps.
Updated 11 Oct 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Programmed I/O: Polling, CPU Utilisation, Worked Examples and GATE Question Patterns
Follow one programmed-input transfer from control write to data read, then calculate how many polls one word costs and what a longer poll period buys.
Updated 7 Oct 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Multiprocessor Fundamentals: Architecture, Speedup and Worked Examples
Build a clear model of multiprocessor systems, then use it to calculate speedup and efficiency, trace a coherent write, and diagnose a lost update.
Updated 2 Oct 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Multiprocessor Classification: Flynn Taxonomy, Memory Models and Exam-Style Worked Examples
Learn how to choose the right multiprocessor classification axis, then solve a four-lane SIMD trace and a NUMA average-access-time problem step by step.
Updated 27 Sep 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Interrupt-Driven I/O Explained: CPU Handshake, Worked Timing Example and GATE Traps
Trace an interrupt from device request to return-from-interrupt, then compare polling, per-event interrupts, and DMA through worked timing examples.
Updated 25 Sep 20267 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Interface Addressing Explained: Memory-Mapped vs Isolated I/O with Worked Examples
Understand what an interface address selects, how memory-mapped and isolated I/O differ, and why partial decoding creates multiple addresses for the same register.
Updated 23 Sep 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Instruction Structure in Computer Organization: Fields, Encoding and Exam Problems
Learn how opcode, register, mode and displacement fields divide an instruction word. Follow checked examples for address forms, decoding and expanding opcodes.
Updated 22 Sep 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Disk Structure and Disk Addressing for GATE: CHS, LBA and Worked Examples
Use one consistent disk geometry to connect platters, surfaces, tracks and sectors with capacity, CHS-to-LBA conversion, address width and access time.
Updated 21 Sep 20265 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Basic Addressing Modes in Computer Architecture: Worked Effective-Address Examples and Exam Traps
Stop mixing up the instruction field, effective address, and operand. Reuse one machine state to calculate each basic addressing mode step by step.
Updated 20 Sep 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
Cache Mapping Techniques and Memory Units: Direct, Associative and Set-Associative Worked Example
Use one address to learn memory-unit conversion, cache organisation and the exact tag, index and offset fields for all three mapping techniques.
Updated 18 Sep 20266 min readComputer Organization & Architecture