DBMS

53 articles in this topic

B+ Trees and Database Indexing: why indexes are fast, with a worked insert

B+ trees and database indexing explained: dense vs sparse, primary clustering and secondary indexes, B-tree vs B+ tree, with a worked B+ tree insert example.

Updated 14 Jul 20265 min read104 viewsDBMS

SQL Queries and Joins in DBMS: sublanguages, joins, and GROUP BY worked out

SQL queries and joins in DBMS: DDL DML DCL TCL sublanguages, SELECT and WHERE, inner and outer joins, GROUP BY with HAVING, plus a worked join example.

Updated 14 Jul 20265 min read86 viewsDBMS

Transactions and concurrency control in DBMS: ACID, schedules, serializability

Transactions in DBMS explained: ACID properties, schedules, conflict serializability with a worked precedence graph, two-phase locking, and the exam angle.

Updated 25 Jul 20266 min read68 viewsDBMS

Normalization in DBMS: 1NF to BCNF, with the exam angle

Normalization in DBMS explained: functional dependencies, the exact 1NF, 2NF, 3NF and BCNF rules, a worked decomposition of one relation, and 3NF vs BCNF.

13 Jul 20265 min read50 viewsDBMS

DBMS Normalization Explained Simply (With the Questions That Test It)

Normalization confuses almost everyone the first time. Here is a plain-English walk from functional dependencies to BCNF, and the exact question patterns that test it.

Updated 26 Jul 20266 min read172 viewsDBMS