CS Fundamentals
487 articles in this topic
DBMS Interview Questions for Freshers: Top 50 with Answers That Survive Follow-Ups
50 DBMS interview questions for freshers, grouped the way interviews actually run: keys, the normalization-to-BCNF-to-denormalization chain, SQL joins, transactions and isolation levels, and indexing, answered as chains so rote definitions become explanations.
Updated 23 Jul 202611 min read96 viewsDBMS
Permutations and Combinations for GATE CS: Counting Questions Solved with a Repeatable Method
One repeatable method (choose, arrange, subtract) applied to 20 GATE-style counting problems, with the four-question decision procedure that replaces formula memorisation for permutations and combinations in GATE CS.
Updated 26 Jul 20266 min read206 viewsEngineering Mathematics
SLR, CLR and LALR Parsers Compared for GATE: LR Item Sets, Conflicts and Parser Power
All three LR parsers built on one shared grammar: canonical item sets, why SLR(1) hits a shift/reduce conflict that CLR(1) and LALR(1) survive, the 10-vs-14 state count, the reduce/reduce drill grammar, and the exact question patterns GATE uses to test parser power.
Updated 18 Jul 20266 min read182 viewsCompiler Design
Cache Write Policies and Multi-Level Cache Numericals for GATE: AMAT Solved Step by Step
Write-through vs write-back traffic arithmetic and the hierarchical vs simultaneous AMAT formulas, derived once and drilled on L1/L2 GATE-pattern numericals solved step by step.
Updated 18 Jul 20267 min readComputer Organization & Architecture
IBPS SO IT Officer Computer Organization: professional knowledge topics
IBPS SO IT Officer Computer Organization: number systems, Boolean logic, CPU and memory organization, addressing modes and I/O for the Mains PK paper.
Updated 18 Jul 20265 min read168 viewsComputer Organization & Architecture
IBPS SO IT Officer Operating Systems: professional knowledge topics
IBPS SO IT Officer Operating Systems: master processes, CPU scheduling, memory management, deadlock and process synchronization for the Mains PK paper.
Updated 18 Jul 20266 min read170 viewsOperating Systems
IBPS SO IT Officer Networking: professional knowledge topics to master
IBPS SO IT Officer Networking: master the OSI and TCP/IP models, IP addressing, key protocols and network security for the Professional Knowledge paper.
Updated 25 Jul 20265 min read890 viewsComputer Networks
IBPS SO IT Officer DBMS: the professional knowledge topics that matter
The DBMS core of the IBPS SO IT Officer Mains Professional Knowledge paper: the ER model, keys, normalization with a worked example, SQL essentials and transactions, and how each is tested.
Updated 26 Jul 20266 min read1.3k viewsDBMS
C programming for CS teaching exams: the concepts that get tested
C programming for teaching CS exams: data types, operators, control flow, functions and recursion, arrays, pointers and structures, with a worked example.
Updated 18 Jul 20267 min readC Programming & Data Structures
Addressing modes and instruction formats in computer architecture explained
Addressing modes and instruction formats explained: immediate, direct, indirect, indexed and PC-relative effective addresses, and 0/1/2/3-address machines.
Updated 16 Jul 20267 min read370 viewsComputer Organization & Architecture
Floating point representation: IEEE 754 format and arithmetic explained
Computers store real numbers in a fixed number of bits, so they cannot store every real number exactly. Floating point packs a huge range of magnitudes into 32 or 64 bits by trading away some precision, and IEEE 754 is the standard almost every processor follows. This topic is a dependable source of encoding and precision questions, all resting on the same field layout and normalization rule.
Updated 16 Jul 20266 min read378 viewsComputer Organization & Architecture
File systems and disk scheduling in OS: allocation, directories and seek time
A file system is the operating system's answer to a simple-sounding question: where on the disk does each file's data actually live, and how do we find it again quickly? Disk scheduling is the follow-up: when many read and write requests are queued, in what order should the head service them so the disk arm travels least? The two meet in one place: how the file system scatters a file's blocks decides how far the arm travels to read them back. Both are steady exam scorers.
Updated 16 Jul 20265 min read83 viewsOperating Systems